A luteal phase defect can be described better once the menstrual cycle is further described. The menstrual cycle can be broken down into two phases. The first phase, called the 'follicular phase', occurs from Day 1 of the menstrual cycle through to ovulation . The second phase, called the 'luteal phase', occurs from ovulation to Day 1 of the next menstrual cycle.

What Is a Luteal Phase?

The luteal phase is the phase of a woman's cycle where the ripe egg is released. If it is fertilized, it will then implant itself in the lining of the uterus. This phase is generally consistent in length, lasting anywhere from 10-16 days. The first phase (the follicular phase) can fluctuate a little more.

After ovulation occurs, the corpus luteum (or the ovarian follicle following ovulation) begins producing the hormone progesterone. Progesterone is important in many reproductive functions. First of all, it builds the uterine lining for implantation of a fertilized egg. It also increases the basal body temperature, and therefore incubates the fertilized egg after conception. If pregnancy occurs, progesterone prevents menstruation. If you get pregnant, your progesterone levels will remain elevated to sustain the pregnancy.

How long Does The Luteal Phase Last?

Generally, this second phase lasts about 14 days (for those with a regular 28-day cycle). However, it can vary anywhere from 10-16 days.

What Is A Luteal Phase Defect?

This typically occurs when the second phase of the menstrual cycle lasts less than 10 days. Some doctors have argued that a defect is diagnosed when this phase lasts less than 12 days. In any case, this defect is associated with low progesterone levels.

Progesterone is vital in sustaining a pregnancy. Low levels of progesterone will not be able to prevent the uterine lining from breaking down - therefore, menstruation takes place. In addition, the lining of the uterus will not be able to build up to a healthy point where implantation of a fertilized egg can occur. However, a pregnancy is possible, but a luteal phase defect may stop the pregnancy short by initiating menstrual bleeding, therefore causing an early miscarriage .

What Are The Causes?

There can be many reasons for this situation. First of all, it is possible to have a shortened second phase due to the corpus luteum not developing fully into an ovarian follicle. Low levels of a hormone - called 'follicle stimulating hormone' (or FSH), can prevent the full maturation of the corpus luteum. If this is the case, the corpus luteum will be unable to perform its proper function in producing progesterone at a proper level.

How Can You Determine If You Suffer From A Short Luteal Phase?

Charting may be very beneficial in this case. Charting your basal body temperature over the course of a few months will identify a short luteal phase. See our section on charting your fertility for more information. If you find that you have a luteal phase defect, you can then talk to your doctor and he/she can discuss remedies or further testing.

How Can You Treat This?

Since this is caused by hormonal imbalances, a variety of recommendations may be brought up. this may include vitamin B6 supplements, vitex supplements, natural progesterone creams or progesterone injections. You may also consider prescription medications.

Thankfully, this can be corrected once identified.